Parental Involvement and Academic Achievement in Asipulo District
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65339/ijsair.V2.I3.714Keywords:
Academic Achievement, Asipulo District, Grade 6 Pupils, Homework, Parental Involvement, Schoolwork, TeachersAbstract
This study examined the relationship between parental involvement and the academic achievement of Grade 6 pupils in Asipulo District. Guided by the Input–Process–Output (IPO) Model, the study employed a descriptive-comparative and correlational research design to determine the level of parental involvement, compare respondents' assessments, and examine its relationship with pupils' academic achievement. The respondents consisted of Grade 6 pupils, parents, and teachers from twelve complete elementary schools in Asipulo District selected through total enumeration. Data were gathered using an adapted questionnaire on parental involvement and pupils' academic records and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, and correlation analysis. Findings revealed that parents, teachers, and pupils consistently perceived parental involvement in homework and schoolwork activities as high, with greater parental participation observed in schoolwork than homework. No significant difference was found among the assessments of the three respondent groups. Pupils attained an overall academic performance classified as Approaching Proficiency. However, parental involvement showed no significant relationship with pupils' academic achievement, suggesting that other factors may also influence academic performance. Lower parental involvement was observed in providing extended homework assistance, ensuring homework completion before bedtime, and communicating with teachers regarding pupils' academic concerns. The study concludes that although parental involvement remains an important component of children's educational experience, strengthening home-school collaboration, parental engagement in homework, and regular communication between parents and teachers may further support learners' development. The findings support Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4: Quality Education by promoting family engagement in learning and SDG 17: Partnerships for the Goals through strengthened collaboration between schools, families, and communities. The study contributes to educational, institutional, and community sustainability by providing evidence that can guide interventions aimed at improving parental participation and supporting pupils' academic development.
References
Alampay, L. P., & Garcia, A. S. (2019). Education and parenting in the Philippines. In E. Sorbring & J. Lansford (Eds.), School systems, parent behavior, and academic achievement. Young People and Learning Processes in School and Everyday Life (Vol. 3). Springer. Cham.
Almalki, Z. S. (2021). Challenges to parental involvement in transition planning for children with intellectual disabilities: The perspective of special education teachers in Saudi Arabia. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 111, 103872.
Alonso, R. F., Diaz, M. A., Alvares, J. S., Woitstach, P. S., & Cuesta, M. F. (2017). Parental involvement and academic performance: Less control and more communication. Psicothema, 25(5), 453–461. https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2017.181
Arnold, S. (2019). Relationship of emotional intelligence on workplace diversity in women and minorities in senior roles at top, publicly-held technology and solutions-based firms in the U.S.
Avnet, M., Makara, D., Larwin, K. H., & Erickson, M. (2019). The impact of parental involvement and education on academic achievement in elementary school. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 8(3), 476–483. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v8i3.20249
Balwang, M. A. (2023). Pupils’ engagement and challenges in blended learning in Asipulo District. maricel.antonio003@deped.gov.ph
Barten, A. T. (2021). Parental involvement and behavior to learners with special educational needs. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9936-8854
Bartolome, M. T. (2017). Parental involvement in the Philippines: A review of literatures. Philippine Normal University, Philippines. bartolome.mt@pnu.edu.ph
Bengwasan, P., & Bancual, M. (2020). The developmental status of abused and neglected children in the Philippines. Children and Youth Services Review, 110, 104756.
Blair, S. (2014). Parental involvement and children's educational performance: A comparison of Filipino and U.S. parents. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 45(3), 351–366. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24339542
Butler, Y., & Le, V. (2018). A longitudinal investigation of parental socio-economic status (SES) and young students’ learning of English as a foreign language. System, 73, 4–15.
Cashman, L., Sabates, R., & Alcott, B. (2021). Parental involvement in low-achieving children’s learning: The role of household wealth in rural India. International Journal of Educational Research, 105, 101701. https://cmho.org/covid19-mental-healthimpacts/
Cobb, C. (2014). Critical entanglement: Research on culturally and linguistically diverse parental involvement in special education, 2000–2010.
Catalano, H., & Catalano, C. (2014). The importance of the school-family relationship in the child’s intellectual and social development. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 128, 406–414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.03.179
Castro, M., Exposito-Casas, E., Lopez-Martin, E., Lizasoain, L., Navarro Asencio, E., & Gaviria, J. L. (2015). Parental involvement on student academic achievement: A meta-analysis. Educational Research Review, 14, 33–46.
Cross, F. L., Marchand, A. D., Medina, M., Villafuerte, A., & Rivas-Drake, D. (2019). Academic socialization, parental educational expectations, and academic self-efficacy among Latino adolescents. Psychology in the Schools, 56(4), 483–496. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.22239
DepEd. (2020). DepEd Order No. 32, s. 2020. https://www.deped.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/DO_s2020_032-1-1.pdf
Dotterer, A. M., & Wehrspann, E. W. (2016). Parent involvement and academic outcomes among urban adolescents: Examining the role of school engagement. Educational Psychology, 36(4), 812–830.
Fajoju, S. A., & Ojugo, A. I. (2015). Parental involvement as a correlate of academic achievement of primary school pupils in Edo State, Nigeria. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.7227/RIE.0023?journalCode=riea
Fan, X., & Chen, M. (2018). Parental involvement and students’ academic achievement: A meta-analysis. Educational Psychology Review, 30(2), 419–446.
Garbacz, S. A., Herman, K. C., Thompson, A. M., & Reinke, W. M. (2017). Family engagement in education and intervention: Implementation and evaluation to maximize family, school, and students’ outcomes. Journal of School Psychology, 62, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2017.04.002
Gonida, E., & Cortina, K. (2014). Parental involvement in homework: Relations with parent and student achievement-related motivational beliefs and achievement. http://doi.org/10.1080/03055698.2016.1148586 http://doi.org/10.1037/a0015362
Gubbins, V., & Otero, G. (2016). Effect of the parental involvement style perceived by elementary school students at home on language and mathematics performance in Chilean schools. Educational Studies, 42, 121–136.
Hofferth, S., & Moon, U. (2016). Parental involvement, child effort, and the development of immigrant boys' and girls' reading and mathematics skills: A structural model. Demography, 53(2), 507–530.
Jeynes, W. H. (2017). A meta-analysis: The relationship between parental involvement and Latino student outcomes. Education and Urban Society, 49(1), 4–28. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013124516630596
Karadağ, E., Bektaş, F., Çoğaltay, N., & Yalçın, M. (2015). The effect of educational leadership on pupils’ achievement: A meta-analysis study. Asia Pacific Education Review, 16(1), 79–93.
Karadağ, E., İsçi, S., Oztekin, S., & Anar, S. (2016). The relationship between school climate and students’ academic achievement: A meta-analysis study. University Journal of the Faculty of Education, 17(2), 107–122.
Kim, S., & Hill, N. (2015). Including fathers in the picture: A meta-analysis of parental involvement and students’ academic achievement. Journal of Educational Psychology, 107(4), 919–934. http://dx.doi.org/10.17679/iuefd.1729444
Llego, M. (2022, September 4). The importance of parental involvement in education. Teacher PH. Retrieved September 4, 2022, from https://www.teacherph.com/parental-involvement-education/
Lorenzo, A. R. (2017). Comparative study on the performance of Bachelor of Secondary Education (BSE) students in educational technology using blended learning strategy and traditional face-to-face instruction.
Ma, X. S., Shen, J., Krenn, H. Y., Hu, S., & Yuan, J. (2016). A meta-analysis of the relationship between learning outcomes and parental involvement during early childhood education and early elementary education. Educational Psychology Review, 28, 771–801. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-015-9351-1
Mante, F. (2015). Effects of parental involvement on academic performance of pupils: A case study at Adukrom Methodist Primary School. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/299635358Effectsof_parental_involvement_on_academic_performance_of_pupils_A_Case_Study_at_Adukrom_Methodist_Primary_School
Manolitsis, G., Georgiou, G. K., & Tziraki, N. (2013). Examining the effects of home literacy and numeracy environment on early reading and math acquisition. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 28, 692–703. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2013.05.004
Martinez, M., Merz, E., Repka, K., Landers, C., Noble, K., & Duch, H. (2018). Parent involvement in the getting ready for school intervention is associated with changes in school readiness skills. Frontiers in Psychology.
Newchurch, A. A. (2016). The impact of parental involvement on student success: School and family partnership from the perspective of parents and teachers. https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1022&context=teachleaddoc_etd
Nihat Şad, S., & Gürbüztürk, O. (2013). Primary school students’ parents’ level of involvement into their children’s education. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 13(2). Educational Consultancy and Research Center. Retrieved from http://www.edam.com.tr/estp
Núñez, J. C., Suárez, N., Rosário, P., Vallejo, G., Valle, A., & Epstein, J. L. (2015). Relationships between perceived parental involvement in homework, student homework behaviors, and academic achievement: Differences among elementary, junior high, and high school students. Metacognition and Learning, 10(3), 375–406. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11409-015-9135-5
Park, S., & Holloway, S. D. (2017). The effects of school-based parental involvement on academic achievement at the child and elementary school level: A longitudinal study. The Journal of Educational Research, 110(1), 1–16.
Perkins, D., Syvertsen, A., Mincemoyer, C., Chilenski, S., Olson, J., Berrena, E., & Spoth, R. (2016). Thriving in school: The role of sixth-grade adolescent–parent–school relationships in predicting eighth-grade academic outcomes. Youth & Society, 48(6), 739–762. https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X13512858
Reininger, T. T., & Alejandra, S. L. (2017). Parental involvement in municipal schools in Chile: Why do parents choose to get involved? School Psychology International, 38(4), 363–379. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143034317695378
Roksa, J. S., & Kinsley, P. O. (2019). The role of family support in facilitating academic success of low-income students. Research in Higher Education, 60(4), 415–436. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11162-018-9525-z
Roy, M., & Giraldo-García, R. (2018). The role of parental involvement and social/emotional skills in academic achievement: Global perspectives. School Community Journal, 28(2), 29–46.
Sapungan, G., & Sapungan, R. (2014). Parental involvement in child’s education: Importance, barriers, and benefits. Asian Journal of Management Sciences & Education, 3(2).
Selangan, A. (2015). The reading profile of children in the Philippines. Literacy and World Languages Article. Retrieved from http://www.edutopia.org/discussion/reading-profile-children-philippines
Stright, A. D., & Yeo, K. L. (2013). Maternal parenting styles, school involvement, and children's school achievement and conduct in Singapore. Journal of Educational Psychology, 106, 301–314. http://doi.org/10.1037/a0033821
Tárraga, V., García, B., & Reyes, J. (2017). Home-based family involvement and academic achievement: A case study in primary education. Educational Studies, 44, 361–375. https://doi.org/10.1080/03055698.2017.1373636
Torrecilla, F. J., & Hernández-Castilla, R. (2020). Does parental involvement matter in children’s performance? A Latin American primary school study.
Tus, J. (2021). Amidst the online learning in the Philippines: The parental involvement and its relationship to the student's academic performance. International Engineering Journal for Research & Development.
United Nations Development Programme. (2019). Human development report 2019. https://www.tr.undp.org/content/turkey/tr/home/library/human_development/hdr2019.html
Vukovic, R., Roberts, S., & Green Wright, L. (2013). From parental involvement to children's mathematical performance: The role of mathematics anxiety. Early Education & Development, 24(4), 446–467.
Wang, M. T., & Sheikh‐Khalil, S. (2014). Does parental involvement matter for student achievement and mental health in high school? Child Development, 85(2), 610–625. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12153
Waters, L., Menchaca, M., & Borup, J. (2014). Parental involvement in K–12 online and blended learning. In Handbook of Research on K–12 Online and Blended Learning (pp. 403–422).
Wu, A. (2016). The relationship between parental involvement and elementary students' academic achievement in China: One-only children vs. children with siblings. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 47(4), 483–500. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44109641
You, S., Lim, S. A., No, U., & Dang, M. (2016). Multidimensional aspects of parental involvement in Korean adolescents’ schooling: A mediating role of general and domain-specific self-efficacy. Educational Psychology, 36(5), 916–934. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410.2015.1025705
Zhang, Y. W. (2018). The associations between parental involvement and science achievement via children’s perceived academic competence and academic effort (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Syracuse University. https://surface.syr.edu/etd/894
