Exploring Librarians’ Perceptions of Training Effectiveness through the Lens of the Kirkpatrick Model

Abstract

This study evaluated the effectiveness of the librarians’ training program at Arellano University using Kirkpatrick’s Evaluation Model, which examines training outcomes through four levels: Reaction, Learning, Behavior, and Results. Guided by the Input-Process-Output framework, the study employed a descriptive phenomenological research design to explore librarians’ perceptions and experiences regarding training effectiveness. Data were collected through semi-structured face-to-face interviews, documentary analysis, and observations involving ten librarians from seven Arellano University campuses selected through purposive sampling. The interview guide was validated by experts, and data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings revealed that participants positively perceived the training because of facilitator expertise, relevance to job functions, supportive learning environments, practical soft-skills content, and the immediate applicability of acquired knowledge. At the learning level, the training enhanced technical competencies, communication skills, understanding of library systems, ability to manage user concerns, and professional confidence. Behavioral outcomes showed sustained application of learned skills through improved communication, teamwork, documentation practices, and cataloging procedures. At the results level, participants reported improvements in service quality, operational efficiency, user satisfaction, team coordination, and institutional reputation. These findings indicate that the training program effectively supported both individual professional development and organizational performance. The study concludes that the librarians’ training program was effective across all four levels of the Kirkpatrick Model and recommends the institutionalization of a formal training policy framework, continuous monitoring and evaluation mechanisms, regular program reviews, and strengthened post-training support. This study supports Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 4: Quality Education and SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth by promoting continuous professional development and workforce competence among librarians. Its sustainability impact lies in strengthening academic library services, enhancing organizational effectiveness, and supporting the long-term adaptability of academic institutions in a changing information environment.