The Use of Positive Discipline Strategies and the Behavioral Outcomes of Intermediate Pupils in the Palanas North District

Authors

  • Teody G. Abenir Jose A. Abenir Sr. Elementary School, Municipality of Palanas, Province of Masbate, Philippines Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.65339/ijsair.V2.I2.566

Keywords:

Behavioral Outcomes, Classroom Engagement, Positive Discipline, Self-Discipline, Teacher–Pupil Relationship, Responsibility, Respect, Corrective Strategies, Positive Reinforcement

Abstract

This study investigated the implementation of positive discipline strategies and their influence on behavioral outcomes of intermediate pupils at Jose A. Abenir Sr. Elementary School in Palanas North District. The research was anchored on the principles of behavior shaping, social learning, and ecological influences on student development. Using a descriptive-quantitative design, data were gathered through structured survey questionnaires from selected teachers and pupils during the 2024–2025 school year. Findings revealed that teachers consistently applied classroom rules, positive reinforcement, corrective strategies, supportive teacher–pupil relationships, and fairness, which significantly enhanced pupils’ self-discipline, respect, classroom engagement, responsibility, and peer interaction. Positive discipline was positively correlated with improved behavioral outcomes, highlighting the importance of structured, consistent, and supportive classroom management. Challenges identified included resource limitations, class size, and parental involvement, which moderately affected implementation fidelity. Based on the results, a school-based intervention program was proposed to strengthen pupils’ behavior through positive discipline. The study contributes to improving classroom management, learner engagement, and social-emotional development. It aligns with SDG 4 (Quality Education) by promoting effective, inclusive, and supportive learning environments and SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-Being) by fostering psychosocial well-being. The findings support educational and institutional sustainability by providing evidence-based strategies to enhance pupil behavior, engagement, and collaborative practices within schools and the community.

References

Abidin, Z., & Muhammad, N. (2024). Effective classroom management as a quick solution to improve student participation and motivation in the learning process. Zabags International Journal of Education, 2(2), 88–104.

Abirin, S. G. (2025). The importance and role of parental involvement on junior high school students’ learning behaviors.

Abuhashish, S. A. (2025). The influence of classroom management on students' reading and literacy learning in private schools (Doctoral dissertation, Concordia University Chicago).

Adam Ismail, I. (2023). Using positive reinforcement to increase student engagement in the classroom.

Alasmari, N. J., & Althaqafi, A. S. A. (2024). Teachers’ practices of proactive and reactive classroom management strategies and the relationship to their self-efficacy. Language Teaching Research, 28(6), 2158–2189.

Albayrak, D., & Ateskan, A. (2022). Classroom management in higher education: A systematic literature review. Journal of Further and Higher Education, 46(7), 1006–1022.

Alkin-Sahin, S., Tunca-Güçlü, N., & Yesilpinar-Uyar, M. (2022). The predictive relationships between pre-school teachers' classroom management skills and their thinking-supportive behaviours. International Online Journal of Primary Education, 11(2), 412–425.

Alo, L. V., & Tajo, W. R. (2023). School discipline: Its impact as perceived by the basic education learners. Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal.

Apan, C. E. (2024). Classroom management practices and learners’ discipline: Foundation for an enhanced classroom environment program. International Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Science, 7(6), 606–640.

Bear, G. G., Soltys, A. B., & Lachman, F. H. (2022). Positive psychology and school discipline. In Handbook of positive psychology in schools (pp. 365–379). Routledge.

Balut, I. M., Baltazar, R. K., Fronda, M., Siador, K., Tandog, F. J., & Atento, R. G. (2026). Peer influence experiences and personal–social competencies among late adolescents: Evidence from a private higher education institution in the Philippines. International Journal of Behavioral and Social Analytics, 1(1).

Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191–215. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191

Barclay, C. M., Castillo, J., & Kincaid, D. (2022). Benchmarks of equality? School-wide positive behavioral interventions and supports and the discipline gap. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 24(1), 4–16.

Bonna, K. (2023). Concept and nature of classroom management practices. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies and Innovative Research, 11(4), 1601–1615.

Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design. Harvard University Press.

Caldarella, P., Larsen, R. A., Williams, L., & Wills, H. P. (2023). Effects of middle school teachers’ praise-to-reprimand ratios on students’ classroom behavior. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, 25(1), 28–40.

Tshewang, C. (2022). Outcomes of positive discipline on students’ behaviors. RABSEL – The CERD Educational Journal, 23(1).

Ching, D. M., & Asuncion, D. C. S. (2025). Examining teacher's view on school discipline practices in public schools: Exploratory design. Southeast Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 4(5).

Daligdig, C. D. (2025). Exploring preventive strategies for managing classroom disruptive behavior of senior high school students. IMCC Journal of Science, 5(2), 82–91.

Dangor, K. F. (2025). Towards a positive discipline model in Ghanaian schools: Views of stakeholders. Journal of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, 4(1), 60–70.

Davids, G. E. (2024). Collective ownership for learner discipline in South African schools: A policy perspective. Issues in Educational Research, 34(4), 1223–1240.

de Borja, M. S. L. R. (2022). The influence of positive discipline in everyday teaching (PDET) on the academic performance of Grade 9 students (Doctoral dissertation, City University).

de los Reyes, S., & Galibo, J. (2025). Motivational techniques for key stage 2 learners. Psychology and Education, 33(3), 330–357.

Derakhshan, A. (2022). The 5Cs positive teacher interpersonal behaviors: Implications for learner empowerment and learning in an L2 context. Springer Nature.

Duble Moore, T., Bourget, J., Plumb, A., Power, M. E., Melton, C., Coyne, M., & Simonsen, B. (2024). Integrated intensive intervention: Academic and behavioral support in tier 3. Intervention in School and Clinic, 60(1), 28–38.

Fatima, I. (2023). The impact of discipline management on the academic achievement of students in private secondary schools in District Loralai. CARC Pedagogical Explorations, 1(1).

Fuertes, H., Evangelista Jr, I., Marcellones, I. J., & Bacatan, J. (2023). Student engagement, academic motivation, and academic performance of intermediate level students. International Journal of Novel Research in Education and Learning, 10(1), 133–149.

Fulgencio, R. G., & Maguate, G. (2023). Awareness and implementation of the public elementary school teachers of the positive discipline model: Basis for a guidance program. International Journal of Latest Research in Humanities and Social Science, 6(8), 41–61.

Gecikli, E., & Ak, E. (2023). The relation between science teachers’ classroom management skills and their cognitive flexibility. Educational Studies, 49(3), 437–450.

Hamidi, H., Hejran, A. B., Sarwari, A., & Edigeevna, S. G. (2024). The effect of outcome-based education on behavior of students. European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences, 2(2), 764–773.

Hamydy, E., & Mehdi, E. (2022). The impact of self-discipline on classroom management in Casablanca-Settat middle and high schools.

Hassan, Z. T., Shadrach, A., & Gboyega, O. S. (2024). Effect of behavior modification strategy (positive reinforcement) in reducing truancy among public senior secondary school students. Journal of Advanced Education and Sciences, 4(1), 09–18.

Hardin, C., & Hardin, C. J. (2024). Effective classroom management: Models and strategies for today's classrooms. BoD–Books on Demand.

Hasanov, M., & Brandišauskienė, A. (2025). The expression of positive discipline in the primary classroom: A case study of one school. Education Sciences, 15(4), 490.

Hermahayu, H., Rasidi, R., & Zahra, A. A. (2025). Exploring a positive discipline approach to foster academic motivation in senior high school. Bulletin of Counseling and Psychotherapy, 7(3).

Ijaz, S., et al. (2024). Disciplinary behavior management strategies in schools and their impact on student psychosocial outcomes: A systematic review. NIHR Open Research, 4, 13.

Imron, I., Subur, S., & Tohirin, M. (2025). Analysis of the implementation of the positive discipline development model in elementary schools. BIS Humanities and Social Science, 2, V225025.

Jayme, P. I. B., & Tantiado, R. C. (2025). Teachers’ classroom management practices and learners’ behavior. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Analysis, 8(5).

Lazo, K. P. M. (2023). The relationship between teachers’ efficacy and students’ attitude towards learning.

Leidig, T., Casale, G., Wilbert, J., Hennemann, T., Volpe, R. J., Briesch, A., & Grosche, M. (2022). Individual, generalized, and moderated effects of the good behavior game. Frontiers in Education, 7, 917138.

Mandanao, H. B., & Baguio, J. B. (2025). Discipline maneuver of teachers and social flaws of students. Advances in Research on Teaching, 26(4), 145–155.

Marina, K. E. O. (2023). Teachers' efforts to improve discipline of elementary school students using positive reinforcement methods. Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar Nusantara, 8(2), 288–298.

McGuire, S. N., Meadan, H., & Folkerts, R. (2024). Classroom and behavior management training needs and perceptions: A systematic review. Child & Youth Care Forum, 53(1), 117–139.

Molekoa, M. A. (2024). Teachers’ perceptions towards mediating behavioral challenges in primary school classrooms (Master’s thesis, University of South Africa).

Muhia, N. (2022). Positive discipline. African Population and Health Research Center.

Muthmainnah, N. (2021). Positive discipline: Solution to boost students’ self-esteem in learning English as a foreign language. English Journal, 15(2), 114–121.

Nautiyal, V. V., et al. (2025). Enhancing high school students’ understanding and attitude towards quantum mechanics. EPJ Quantum Technology, 12(1), 104.

Ndlovu, M., Schlebusch, G., & Makola, S. (2023). A framework for implementing positive learner discipline in public secondary schools. Acta Educationis Generalis, 13(3), 115–148.

Nebrida, C. L. (n.d.). Teacher’s classroom activities in relation to their work performance.

Nitz, J., et al. (2023). Multi-tiered systems of support with focus on behavioral modification in elementary schools. Heliyon, 9(6).

Ngososei, T. (2023). Influence of teachers’ interactive strategies on students’ discipline in secondary schools in urban areas in Uasin Gishu County, Kenya (Doctoral dissertation, University of Eldoret).

Obee, A. F., Hart, K. C., & Fabiano, G. A. (2023). Professional development targeting classroom management. School Mental Health, 15(2), 339–369.

Obiso, D. (2025). Teachers' strategies in managing students misbehavior in the classroom in Dumanjug District I. SSRN, 5373171.

Ostrowski, M. S. (2023). Behavioral standards and learning outcomes in the English comprehensive school system.

Palomer, M. A. N. (2024). Perceptions on classroom discipline management of intermediate learners and teachers. Narrative, 7(3).

Pasion, J. P. (2023). Revitalizing the organizational behavior of school division teachers.

Petre, G. E. (2022). Training pre-service teachers for classroom management through study groups. IATED.

Putra, E., & Yanto, M. (2025). Classroom management: Boosting student success. Cogent Education, 12(1), 2458630.

Rabago, C. A. (2024). Mediating role of school policies and administrative support in promoting effective classroom discipline. Southeast Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 4(2).

Rodriguez, L. A., & Welsh, R. O. (2022). The dimensions of school discipline. AERA Open, 8, 23328584221083669.

Sears, S. L., Xu, X., & Simonsen, B. (2025). Examining the effectiveness of positive behavioral interventions and supports. Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions.

Simonsen, B., & Myers, D. (2025). Classwide positive behavioral interventions and supports. Guilford Press.

Siregar, Y., Doloksaribu, A., & Prayuda, M. S. (2024). Effective class management strategies in growing students' discipline attitude. International Journal of Advanced Academic Research, 89–94.

Skinner, B. F. (1953). Science and human behavior. Simon & Schuster.

Soner, A. R. I. K. (2022). The predictive power of classroom discipline. International Journal of Eurasian Education and Culture, 7(17), 1272–1299.

Valdez, M. T. (2023). Extent of implementation of positive discipline in kindergarten.

Wilkins, N. J., Verlenden, J. M., Szucs, L. E., & Johns, M. M. (2023). Classroom management and facilitation approaches. Journal of School Health, 93(7), 582–593.

Williams III, J. A., Mallant, C., & Svajda-Hardy, M. (2023). Culturally responsive classroom management. Educational Policy, 37(5), 1191–1211.

Yuhe, X., & Bhaumik, A. (2025). Teacher praise and positive reinforcement in improving student motivation. Lex Localis: Journal of Local Self-Government, 23.

Zamayla, M. P., & Labitad, G. F. (2025). Teachers’ classroom management practices and learners’ behavior. IJSAT International Journal on Science and Technology, 16(3).

Zondo, S. S., & Mncube, V. S. (2024). Teachers’ challenges in implementing learner’s code of conduct. South African Journal of Education, 44(2), 1–10.

Zondo, S., Mncube, V. S., & Emmanuel, O. A. (2023). Strategies teachers use to implement positive discipline in schools. Prizren Social Science Journal, 7(1), 79–88.

Downloads

Published

2026-06-07

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

Abenir, T. (2026). The Use of Positive Discipline Strategies and the Behavioral Outcomes of Intermediate Pupils in the Palanas North District. International Journal of Sustainability and Advanced Integrated Research, 2(2), 3219-3226. https://doi.org/10.65339/ijsair.V2.I2.566