Perceived Effectiveness of Barangay Health Centers in Selected Barangays of Davao City: An Assessments of Accessibility, Quality And Community Satisfaction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65339/ijsair.V2.I2.237Keywords:
Accessibility, Barangay Health Centers, Community Satisfaction, Davao City, Perceived Effectiveness, Quality of Healthcare ServicesAbstract
This study assessed the perceived effectiveness of Barangay Health Centers (BHCs) in selected barangays of Davao City by examining accessibility, quality of healthcare services, and community satisfaction. Anchored on Andersen’s Behavioral Model of Health Services Use and Donabedian’s Framework for Healthcare Quality, the research employed a descriptive-quantitative design. Data were collected from 398 respondents across ten barangays using a validated survey questionnaire, with reliability confirmed through Cronbach’s alpha (≥ 0.70). Descriptive statistics and Spearman’s rho correlation were utilized to analyze the data. Findings revealed that accessibility indicators such as proximity and transportation were rated neutral, while emergency services were perceived as inadequate. The quality of healthcare services was generally rated as fair, with concerns on the availability of medicines and supplies. Community satisfaction was also moderate, particularly in terms of staff responsiveness, communication, and professionalism. Overall perceived effectiveness was rated neutral (mean = 3.16), indicating the need for service improvements. Correlation analysis showed significant positive relationships between quality of healthcare services and perceived effectiveness (rs = 0.539, p < 0.001), and between community satisfaction and perceived effectiveness (rs = 0.712, p < 0.001), leading to the rejection of the null hypotheses. The study concludes that improving medicine availability, extending service hours, and enhancing staff responsiveness are critical to increasing effectiveness and community trust. These findings align with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3 (Good Health and Well-being) and SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), emphasizing equitable access to quality healthcare at the community level. The sustainability impact of the study lies in its contribution to evidence-based policymaking, improved local health governance, and strengthened primary healthcare systems that promote inclusive and resilient community health services.
References
Abacan, M. A. G., & Gonzales, D. B. (2023). Exploring nursing students' awareness, utilization, and satisfaction with barangay health services in the Philippines: Implications for public health and technological advancements in healthcare delivery. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/388897171
Abing, A. P., & Ladori, R. J. A. (2023). Senior citizens' satisfaction with barangay health care services. RISE Journal, 3(1), 22–29. https://risejournals.org/index.php/imjrise/article/view/1044
Aguirre, R. M., & Maligaya, M. A. (2018). Effectiveness of primary health care in selected barangays of Metro Manila. Philippine Journal of Health Research and Development, 22(4), 56–64.
Al-Abri, R., & Al-Balushi, A. (2014). Patient satisfaction survey as a tool towards quality improvement. Oman Medical Journal, 29(1), 3–7. https://doi.org/10.5001/omj.2014.02
Andersen, R. M. (1995). Revisiting the behavioral model and access to medical care: Does it matter? Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 36(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.2307/2137284
Aquino, A. B., & De Castro, L. M. (2021). Effectiveness of primary health care services in one municipality in the province of Batangas. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Studies, 11(13), 154–163.
Atinga, R. A., Abekah-Nkrumah, G., & Domfeh, K. A. (2011). Managing healthcare quality in Ghana: A necessity of patient satisfaction. International Journal of Health Care Quality Assurance, 24(7), 548–563.
Babitsch, B., Gohl, D., & von Lengerke, T. (2012). Re-revisiting Andersen’s behavioral model of health services use: A systematic review of studies from 1998–2011. GMS Psycho-Social Medicine, 9, Doc11. https://doi.org/10.3205/psm000089
Bautista, M. A., & Reyes, J. P. (2021). Demographic influences on health service utilization in Philippine communities. Philippine Journal of Health Research and Development, 25(2), 56–65.
Berman, P., & Khan, M. E. (2011). Improving primary health care services in developing countries. World Bank Publications.
Bolongaita, L., & Nicodemus, M. (2023). Using the socioecological model to explore barriers to health care in barangay health centers. BMC Public Health, 23(7), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16492-x
Bowen, G. A. (2009). Document analysis as a qualitative research method. Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27–40. https://doi.org/10.3316/QRJ0902027
Cabrera, R. A., & Salazar, M. P. (2022). Satisfaction of patients in community-based healthcare settings: A case study in Northern Mindanao. Journal of Community Health Studies, 19(3), 77–89.
Calleja, A. S., De Guzman, E. L., & Mendoza, K. L. (2023). Assessing barangay health centers in the Philippines: A focus on accessibility and responsiveness. Asia Pacific Health Research Review, 12(4), 203–215.
Cataluna, A. R., & Garcia, M. R. (2017). Barangay health system in the Philippines: Challenges and opportunities for improvement. Philippine Journal of Health, 24(1), 35–45.
Chowdhury, M. E., & Khan, S. I. (2016). Barriers to healthcare access in rural areas: A literature review. Global Journal of Health Science, 8(10), 129–141. https://doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v8n10p129
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2017). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.
David, A. B., Santos, E. M., & Velasco, N. L. (2021). Quality of primary healthcare delivery in low-resource settings in the Philippines. International Journal of Public Health and Management, 8(1), 45–58.
Dayrit, M. M., Lagrada, L. P., Picazo, O. F., Pons, M. C., & Villaverde, M. C. (2018). The Philippines health system review. World Health Organization.
De Guzman, L. J., & Manalaysay, M. R. (2024). Health care access and quality of life of community-dwelling senior citizens in Pampanga, Philippines. Philippine Journal of Health Research, 30(2), 88–97. https://doi.org/10.7759/phjhr.2024.30.2.088
Domingo, J. C., Tan, R. F., & Yu, L. B. (2023). Community satisfaction and trust in local health services: Implications for public health policy. Philippine Journal of Social and Community Health, 15(1), 12–24.
Donabedian, A. (1988). The quality of care: How can it be assessed? Journal of the American Medical Association, 260(12), 1743–1748. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1988.03410120089033
Donabedian, A. (2003). An introduction to quality assurance in health care. Oxford University Press.
Etikan, I., Musa, S. A., & Alkassim, R. S. (2016). Comparison of convenience sampling and purposive sampling. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 5(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20160501.11
Fadhilah, A. A., & Rizal, M. (2023). Utilization and satisfaction of community-based health care services among older adults amidst COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Research in Community and Nursing Practice, 3(2), 101–109.
Gabrani, J., Schindler, C., & Wyss, K. (2023). An analysis of patient satisfaction in urban, rural, and remote primary health care settings. International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 35(1), mzad002. https://doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzad002
Garcia, R. D., & Cruz, M. A. (2022). Barriers to healthcare access in urban barangays: A Davao City perspective. Davao Research Journal of Social Sciences, 9(2), 98–109.
Gertler, P. J., & Negri, L. F. (2017). Access to healthcare and its impact on health outcomes in low-income countries. Health Economics, 26(4), 463–474. https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.3487
Gulliford, M., Figueroa-Munoz, J., Morgan, M., et al. (2002). What does ‘access to health care’ mean? Journal of Health Services Research & Policy, 7(3), 186–188.
Hernandez, E. F., & Lopez, V. A. (2015). Impact of community health workers in rural communities: A case study in the Philippines. Philippine Journal of Public Health, 12(2), 210–220.
Jumao-as, M. M., & Gabuya, S. M. (2023). The level of satisfaction of the residents on the public healthcare services in the isolated mountain barangays of Cebu City. ResearchGate. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.28384.10242
Kruk, M. E., et al. (2016). Building resilient health systems in low-income countries. The Lancet, 387(10030), 171–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00788-5
Labarda, C. E. (2015). Assessment of the service delivery of barangay health workers in Iloilo City. Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 3(4), 1–7.
Lagrada, L. P. (2020). Primary health care in the Philippines: Challenges and strategies. Health Systems and Policy Research, 7(3), 221–228.
Maruhom, J. S., & Cueva, A. R. (2023). Evaluating health services and operations among barangay health offices. ResearchGate. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.23083.18722
Penchansky, R., & Thomas, J. W. (1981). The concept of access: Definition and relationship to consumer satisfaction. Medical Care, 19(2), 127–140.
Peters, D. H., Garg, A., Bloom, G., Walker, D. G., Brieger, W. R., & Rahman, M. H. (2008). Poverty and access to health care in developing countries. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1136(1), 161–171. https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1425.011
Pineda, A. T., & Quezon, L. C. (2016). Assessing patient satisfaction with health services in barangay health centers in Quezon Province. Philippine Health Review, 20(3), 30–40.
Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2012). Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice (9th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Rannan-Eliya, R. P., & Sikurajapathy, L. (2007). Utilization of health services and satisfaction in slums of Colombo. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, 25(3), 268–278.
Robson, C., & McCartan, K. (2016). Real world research (4th ed.). Wiley.
Roxas, C. H. (2012). Determinants of client satisfaction with barangay health services in the City of Manila. Philippine Journal of Health Research and Development, 16(2), 1–10.
Santos, R. M., & Villanueva, A. D. (2019). Barriers to health care access in rural barangays. Philippine Journal of Rural Health, 15(1), 56–62.
Silva, J., & Johnson, B. (2009). Optimizing barangay health center locations in Davao City using GIS. ResearchGate.
Starfield, B., Shi, L., & Macinko, J. (2005). Contribution of primary care to health systems and health. Milbank Quarterly, 83(3), 457–502. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0009.2005.00409.x
Tan, E. L., & Del Mundo, A. G. (2024). Health workforce issues and recommended practices in the Philippines. Human Resources for Health, 22(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-025-00988-3
Tavakol, M., & Dennick, R. (2011). Making sense of Cronbach's alpha. International Journal of Medical Education, 2, 53–55. https://doi.org/10.5116/ijme.4dfb.8dfd
USAID Philippines & Research Triangle Institute. (2021). Health systems resilience in the Philippines: COVID-19 response evaluation. AccelerateHSS.
World Health Organization. (2016). Framework on integrated, people-centred health services. WHO.
World Health Organization. (2021). Primary health care systems (PRIMASYS): Case study from the Philippines. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/primary-health-care-systems-philippines-case-study
