Comparative Analysis of Organic and Synthetic Root Hormones in the Propagation of Hyacinth Bean Ornamental Plants
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65339/ijsair.V2.I2.180Keywords:
Aloe Vera, Alpha Naphthalene Acetic Acid, Hyacinth Bean Ornamental Plants, Plant Growth Parameters, Plant Propagation, Rooting HormonesAbstract
This study examined the comparative effectiveness of organic and synthetic rooting hormones, specifically Aloe vera and Alpha Naphthalene Acetic Acid (ANAA), on the growth performance of hyacinth bean ornamental plants in Barangay La Libertad. Grounded in Plant Hormone Theory, the study utilized a quantitative experimental design employing a Randomized Complete Block Design with three groups: organic treatment, synthetic treatment, and control, each consisting of 15 replicates. Data were collected over a nine-week period using growth parameters including plant height, root length, number of root branches, number of leaves, leaf length, and number of fruits, and were analyzed using mean, Kruskal-Wallis test, and pairwise comparison. Results showed that both treatments significantly improved plant growth compared to the control. Aloe vera was more effective in enhancing root development, particularly root length and branching, while ANAA produced better results in above-ground growth such as plant height, leaf production, and fruit yield. Significant differences were observed in plant height, leaf length, and fruit number, while no significant differences were found in root length, root branching, and number of leaves between treatments. The study concluded that both organic and synthetic rooting hormones are effective, with their advantages varying depending on specific growth parameters. It is recommended that growers select hormone types based on desired plant outcomes and that educational applications be integrated to enhance learning in plant propagation. The study aligns with SDG 8 (Decent Work and Economic Growth), SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), and SDG 15 (Life on Land) by promoting efficient and sustainable horticultural practices. It contributes to environmental and agricultural sustainability by supporting the use of eco-friendly alternatives and providing practical, cost-effective solutions for plant propagation within local communities.
References
Aguirre-Becerra, H., Sáenz-de-la-O, D., Ferrusquía-Jiménez, N. I., Martínez-Camacho, J. E., Vázquez-Hernández, M. C., Caltzontzin-Rabell, V., & Feregrino-Pérez, A. A. (2024). Overview of plant growth regulators and their synthesis. In Plant growth regulators to manage biotic and abiotic stress in agroecosystems (pp. 1–36). CRC Press. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/yrkzcsrr
Ahmed, N., Zhang, B., Bozdar, B., Chachar, S., Rai, M., Li, J., ... & Tu, P. (2023). The power of magnesium: Unlocking the potential for increased yield, quality, and stress tolerance of horticultural crops. Frontiers in Plant Science, 14, 1285512. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/wpsb8zxw
Ali, J., Mukarram, M., Ojo, J., Dawam, N., Riyazuddin, R., Ghramh, H. A., ... & Bayram, A. (2024). Harnessing phytohormones: Advancing plant growth and defence strategies for sustainable agriculture. Physiologia Plantarum, 176(3), e14307. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/khw558wy
Altman, A., Shennan, S., & Odling-Smee, J. (2022). Ornamental plant domestication by aesthetics-driven human cultural niche construction. Trends in Plant Science, 27(2), 124–138. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/mr2pbrwj
Aquino, R. R., & Poliquit, D. E. (2021). Rooting Dao (Dracontomelon dao) shoot cuttings with various auxin and concentration. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/4tamfcsn
Aryan, S., Gulab, G., Safi, Z., Durani, A., Raghib, M. G., Kakar, K., ... & Elansary, H. O. (2023). Enhancement of propagation using organic materials and growth hormone: A study on the effectiveness of growth and rooting of pomegranate cuttings. Horticulturae, 9(9), 999. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/3fdcpph7
Banjare, R., Nidhi, N., & Sood, A. (2023). Physiological aspects of flowering, fruit setting, fruit development and fruit drop, regulation and their manipulation: A review. International Journal of Environment and Climate Change, 13(12), 205–224. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/44v4wj6n
Carlos, E., Lerma, T. A., & Martínez, J. M. (2021). Phytohormones and plant growth regulators—a review. Journal of Science with Technological Applications, 10, 27–65. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/ya6wabkb
Chandel, N. S., Singh, H. B., & Vaishnav, A. (2025). Mechanistic understanding of metabolic cross-talk between Aloe vera and native soil bacteria for growth promotion and secondary metabolites accumulation. Frontiers in Plant Science, 16, 1577521.
Chaudhary, E. (2022). Garden up: Your one stop guide to growing plants at home. Penguin Random House India Private Limited. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/5n75y8xn
Chen, H., Lei, Y., Sun, J., Ma, M., Deng, P., Quan, J. E., & Bi, H. (2023). Effects of different growth hormones on rooting and endogenous hormone content of two Morus alba L. cuttings. Horticulturae, 9(5), 552. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/p6xj869r
Cosep, P. I. A., Teneza, J. L. C., & Vallesteros, S. F. (2024). Influence of Alpha–Naphthalene Acetic Acid (ANAA) on Panglomboien (Syzygium spp.) cuttings. Ignatian International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research, 2(5), 1732–1747. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/38m2dxt3
Devrani, N., Kakkar, P., Sahu, A., & Tiwari, C. (2023). Global trends in floriculture. In Floriculture and landscaping chronicles: A revitalizing the floriculture sector in Sri Lanka collaborative insights (pp. 190–221). Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/mrfrdjct
Edelmann, H. G. (2022). Plant root development: Is the classical theory for auxin-regulated root growth false? Protoplasma, 259(3), 823–832. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/3wh9by8m
Ei, E., Park, H. H., & Kuk, Y. I. (2025). Growth promotion and secondary metabolites of vegetables by spraying soil with Psidium guajava, Aloe vera, Allium sativum and Medicago sativa extracts at various stages of growth. Plants, 14(2), 237. Retrieved from https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/2/237
El Amrani, B. (2023). Exploring the importance of root architecture plasticity in plant adaptation to environmental constraints. Plant Species Biology, 38(5), 234–244. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/47fb5zbz
El-Rokiek, K. G., Nasr Shehata, A., El-Din, S. A. S., & Tarraf, S. A. (2024). An allelopathic evaluation of aqueous Aloe vera leaf and root extracts on the weed Sonchus oleraceus associated Vicia faba L. Ahead of print. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/3p9ejrfr
El Sabagh, A., Islam, M. S., Hossain, A., Iqbal, M. A., Mubeen, M., Waleed, M., ... & Abdelhamid, M. T. (2022). Phytohormones as growth regulators during abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Frontiers in Agronomy, 4, 765068.
Faust, J. E., & Dole, J. M. (2021). The global cut flower and foliage marketplace. Cut Flowers and Foliages, 27, 1–47. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/2p8pax3z
Francini, A., Romano, D., Toscano, S., & Ferrante, A. (2022). The contribution of ornamental plants to urban ecosystem services. Earth, 3(4), 1258–1274. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/mrxc4mmw
Francini, A., Toscano, S., Romano, D., Ferrini, F., & Ferrante, A. (2021). Biological contribution of ornamental plants for improving slope stability along urban and suburban areas. Horticulturae, 7(9), 310. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/2dvddwcw
Freschet, G. T., Pagès, L., Iversen, C. M., Comas, L. H., Rewald, B., Roumet, C., ... & McCormack, M. L. (2021a). A starting guide to root ecology. New Phytologist, 232(3), 973–1122. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/4nbumt87
Freschet, G. T., Roumet, C., Comas, L. H., Weemstra, M., Bengough, A. G., Rewald, B., ... & Stokes, A. (2021b). Root traits as drivers of plant and ecosystem functioning. New Phytologist, 232(3), 1123–1158. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/3sa9tpp8
Gabellini, S., & Scaramuzzi, S. (2022). Evolving consumption trends, marketing strategies, and governance settings in ornamental horticulture. Horticulturae, 8(3), 234. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/sbfkdxuj
Gomez, R. A., Leung, J. M., Paing, J. N., Dom-ogen, E. T., Baniaga, A. V., & Napoleon, R. D. (2023). Plant diversity in selected agro- and forest ecosystems. In Plant diversity in biocultural landscapes (pp. 515–538). Springer. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/yckbm59u
Gupta, S., Maurya, D., & Kashyap, S. (2023). Effective administration of plant growth regulators. International Journal of Plant and Soil Science, 35, 36–46. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/2jpzemvf
Hu, C. H., Zheng, Y., Tong, C. L., & Zhang, D. J. (2022). Effects of exogenous melatonin on plant growth. Plant Growth Regulation, 97(3), 551–558. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/3s9fn5s8
Huang, Y., Hong, Y., & Liang, K. (2024). Impact of tree root structure on soil water dynamics. Molecular Soil Biology, 15. Retrieved from https://bioscipublisher.com/index.php/msb/article/view/3942
Husen, A. (Ed.). (2022). Environmental, physiological and chemical controls of adventitious rooting in cuttings. Academic Press. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/mup2emm5
Hussain, M. J., Abbas, Y., Nazli, N., Fatima, S., Drouet, S., Hano, C., & Abbasi, B. H. (2022). Root cultures as a production system. Plants, 11(3), 439. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/5xrceshz
Islam, S., & Mohammad, F. (2022). Plant growth regulators and photosynthetic efficiency. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum, 44(12), 132. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/yc72mzfu
Ismail, M. A., Amin, M. A., Eid, A. M., Hassan, S. E. D., Mahgoub, H. A., Lashin, I., ... & Fouda, A. (2021). Comparative study of plant growth hormones. Cells, 10(5), 1059. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/4nssz6sr
Jaramillo, I. E., Cocco, C., Kang, J. J., Cheng, C. L., & Pereira, E. (2025). Aloe vera leaf shavings improve plant growth. Soil Systems, 9(4), 113. Retrieved from https://www.mdpi.com/2571-8789/9/4/113
Jia, Z., Giehl, R. F., & von Wirén, N. (2022). Nutrient–hormone relations. Molecular Plant, 15(1), 86–103. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/3s4yh5dm
Kabir, M. S. N., Reza, M. N., Chowdhury, M., Ali, M., Samsuzzaman, Ali, M. R., ... & Chung, S. O. (2023). Technological trends in vertical farms. Horticulturae, 9(11), 1229. Retrieved from https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/9/11/1229
Kalra, A., Goel, S., & Elias, A. A. (2024). Role of roots in drought response. The Plant Genome, 17(1), e20395. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/5n7j7wde
Kisvarga, S., Farkas, D., Boronkay, G., Neményi, A., & Orlóci, L. (2022). Effects of biostimulants in horticulture. Agronomy, 12(5), 1043. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/mrxb6tm4
Kralova, K., & Jampilek, J. (2021). Responses of plants to nanoparticles. Applied Sciences, 11(4), 1813. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/mvwp82wx
Kurepa, J., & Smalle, J. A. (2022). Auxin/cytokinin control of growth ratio. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(4), 1933. Retrieved from https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/4/1933
Leotta, L., Toscano, S., Ferrante, A., Romano, D., & Francini, A. (2023). Strategies to increase abiotic stress tolerance. Plants, 12(10), 2022. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/y3x4jekb
Mahesh, M. P., Masoodi, N. H., Altaf, Q., Poojitha, M. D., & Nagaraju, M. V. (2025). Landscape gardening and ornamental horticulture. Chyren Publication. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/7s623tc5
Mehrotra, B. (2025). Organic farming: Back to basics. Educohack Press. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/4re45fdt
Morey, K. J., & Peebles, C. A. (2022). Hairy roots in plant production. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13, 937095. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/yeum8kxz
Panday, D., Bhusal, N., Das, S., & Ghalehgolabbehbahani, A. (2024). Organic farming and fertilizers. Sustainability, 16(4), 1530. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/35vjxed8
Piñon, A., Tolentino, E., Carandang, W., & Calderon, M. (2024). Perceptions of plant nurseries. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1384(1), 012009. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/2h7bvzcd
Prisa, D. (2022). Aloe medicinal properties. Journal of Current Science and Technology, 12(3), 605–614. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/2c98u8t9
Reodica, T. Y. A., Reyes, L. R. L., Cadiz, F. A. J., Villa, J. P. A., Tagra, P. J. G., Carag, E. J. I., ... & Gamboa, G. B. (2022). Coconut water as rooting hormone. Sinaya: A Philippine Journal, 1(2), 3. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/mtw8bxeu
Samsuzzamana, M., Alama, M. S., Habiba, M. A., Hudab, M. N., & Hossaina, M. H. (2023). Morphological characterization of hyacinth bean. Malaysian Journal of Halal Research, 6(1), 13–18.
Shivandu, S. K., Singh, D., Kumar, G., Sharma, I., & Garg, J. (2025). Plant growth regulators and fruit productivity. Retrieved from https://www.intechopen.com/online-first/1207710
Singh, P., Bakshi, M., & Anmol, A. (2024). Natural plant extracts as alternatives. International Journal of Advanced Biochemistry Research, 8(7), 281–287. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/53p95yxw
Sosnowski, J., Truba, M., & Vasileva, V. (2023). Auxin and cytokinin effects. Agriculture, 13(3), 724. Retrieved from https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/13/3/724
Tambong, J. D. (2023). Branch cutting propagation of bamboo species. International Journal of Research and Review, 10(11), 393–399. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/4wf7ya5k
Tambong, J. D. (2024). Growth performance of bamboo species. International Journal of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, 4(3), 85–106. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/yfuwkrmn
Titisari, A. (2025). Floriculture environmental business opportunities. Jurnal Bisnis Kehutanan dan Lingkungan, 2(2), 122–138. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/ymm398v8
Trivellini, A., Toscano, S., Romano, D., & Ferrante, A. (2023). LED lighting in ornamental plants. Plants, 12(8), 1667. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/mr3frzse
Weigelt, A., Mommer, L., Andraczek, K., Iversen, C. M., Bergmann, J., Bruelheide, H., ... & McCormack, M. L. (2021). Integrated framework of plant form and function. New Phytologist, 232(1), 42–59. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/ywhw7fcr
Xia, Z., Zhang, G., Zhang, S., Wang, Q., Fu, Y., & Lu, H. (2021). Root zone temperature and plant development. Agriculture, 11(6), 477. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/3cevdxum
Yetgin, A., Srivastava, R. K., & Mandal, N. (2025). Plant hormone signaling networks. In Mitigation and adaptation strategies against climate change in natural systems (pp. 505–523). Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/4mvb8ea9
Zhang, H., Sun, X., & Dai, M. (2022). Improving crop drought resistance. Plant Communications, 3(1). Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/ruh85b42
